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Alikianos executions
The Alikianos executions ((ギリシア語:εκτελέσεις στον Αλικιανό)) refer to the mass execution by firing squad of mostly male civilians from Alikianos and nearby villages in Crete, Greece by German paratroopers on 2 June and 1 August 1941 during World War II. The executions were ordered by Generaloberst Kurt Student, commander of the XI Air Corps, in reprisal for the active participation of Cretan civilians in the Battle of Crete.
==Background==
The village of Alikianos is located on a fertile plain near the north coast of Crete, approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) southwest of the city of Chania. During the Battle of Crete, Heidrich's 3rd Fallschirmjäger Regiment (''FJR 3'') was ordered to land on the plain and advance northwest towards the Maleme airstrip,〔Kurowski, Franz. ''Jump into Hell: German Paratroopers in World War II'', Stackpole Books, 2010, ISBN 081170582X.〕 one of the island's most strategic targets. Covering the rear of the 3rd Regiment was the 7th Engineer Battalion, dropped in the vicinity of Alikianos between the road to Chania and the bed of Keritis ((ギリシア語:Κερίτης), ancient Ιάρδανος) river and charged with the mission to conduct reconnaissance. The Engineer Battalion were confronted by the ill-armed and poorly trained 8th Greek Regiment, who were assisted by local irregulars. Despite being armed with primitive weapons, the locals attacked the Parachute Engineer Battalion inflicting them significant losses.
The area in and around Alikianos was the theater of a fierce battle that started on 21 May and lasted for seven days. The battle zone became known as ''Prison Valley'' owing to the presence of a prison farm that was its prominent building. The gallant defence of the 8th Greek Regiment and the local population is today credited with protecting the Allied line of retreat, making possible their safe withdrawal and subsequent evacuation from Sfakia.〔Stewart, I. McD. G. ''The Struggle for Crete, 20 May - 1 June 1941: A Story of Lost Opportunity'', Oxford University Press, 1991. ISBN 0192852302.〕〔Beevor, Antony. ''Crete: The Battle and the Resistance'', John Murray Ltd, 1991. Penguin Books, 1992.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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